Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple
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  • TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Abbreviations (Inside front cover)
    Dedication
    About the author
    Foreword by W. Proctor Harvey, M.D., M.A.C.P., M.A.C.C.
    Preface
    Acknowledgments

    PART I. THE FIVE-FINGER APPROACH TO CARDIAC DIAGNOSIS

    CHAPTER 1. THE CARDIAC HISTORY
    Chest Pain or Discomfort
    Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
    Stable Angina Pectoris, Unstable Angina, and Acute Myocardial Infarction
    Pertinent Past Medical History and/or Risk Factors for CAD
    Chest Pain in Other Cardiovascular Conditions
    Pericarditis
    Aortic Dissection
    Mitral Valve Prolapse
    Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (e.g., Valvular Aortic Stenosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)
    Pulmonary Hypertension
    Shortness of Breath
    Fatigue and Weakness
    Cough and Hemoptysis
    Palpitations
    Dizziness, Near-Syncope, and Syncope
    Other Symptoms
    Fever, Chills, and Sweats
    Gastrointestinal Symptoms
    Embolic Symptoms
    Intermittent Claudication
    Changes in Weight

    CHAPTER 2. THE CARDIAC PHYSICAL EXAM
    Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
    INSPECTION
    -General Appearance
    -Cutaneous Manifestations (Skin Color, Temperature, Texture)
    -Voice
    -Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) and Pulse
    -Estimating JVP
    -Abdominojugular Test
    -Abnormalities of the Venous Wave Form
    PALPATION
    -Blood Pressure and Arterial Pulse
    -Abnormalities of Blood Pressure
    -Abnormalities of Arterial Pulse
    -Precordial Movements and Palpation
    AUSCULTATION
    -The Cardiac Cycle
    -Use of the Stethoscope
    -Dynamic Auscultation
    -Heart Sounds: Normal and Abnormal
    -First and Second heart sounds (S1 and S2)
    -Auscultation of S1 ("Lub")
    -Loud S1
    -Faint S1
    -Variable Intensity of S1
    -Auscultation of S2 ("Dub")
    -Intensity and Splitting of S2
    -Sounds in Systole
    -Ejection Sounds and Systolic Clicks
    -Sounds in Diastole
    -Third and Fourth Heart Sounds (S3 and S4)
    -Other Diastolic Sounds
    -Heart Murmurs: Systolic, Diastolic, and Continuous
    -Systolic Murmurs -- Innocent vs Significant ("Guilty")
    -Early-mid Systolic (Ejection) Murmurs
    -Innocent Murmurs
    -Aortic Stenosis
    -Pulmonic Stenosis
    -Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
    -Atrial Septal Defect
    -Holosystolic Murmurs
    -Mitral Regurgitation
    -Tricuspid Regurgitation
    -Ventricular Septal Defect
    -Late Systolic Murmurs
    -Mitral Valve Prolapse
    -Diastolic Murmurs
    -Early Diastolic Murmurs
    -Aortic Regurgitation
    -Pulmonic Regurgitation
    -Middiastolic and Presystolic Murmurs
    -Mitral Stenosis
    -Tricuspid Stenosis
    -Continuous Murmurs
    -Patent Ductus Arteriosus
    -Jugular Venous Hum
    -Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula
    -Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
    -Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
    -Miscellaneous
    -Pericardial Friction Rubs

    CHAPTER 3. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
    Basic Electrocardiography
    Cardiac Electrical Activity and the Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    Standard ECG Leads
    Approach to ECG Interpretation
    Rate and Rhythm
    The P Wave
    The QRS
    The T Wave
    The U Wave
    The PR Interval
    The ST Segment
    The QT Interval
    QRS Axis
    Major ECG Abnormalities: Diagnostic Clues and Clinical Correlations
    Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
    Cardiac Chamber Enlargement and Hypertrophy
    Miscellaneous Patterns
    Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances

    CHAPTER 4. CHEST X-RAY
    The Cardiovascular Silhouette, Cardiac Chambers and the Aorta
    The Pulmonary Vasculature
    The Lung Fields
    Thoracic Cage Abnormalities

    CHAPTER 5. CARDIAC DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY TESTS
    Blood Tests
    Routine Chemistries
    Cardiac Enzymes
    Specialized Non-invasive Tests
    Transthoracic M-Mode and Two Dimensional Color-Flow Doppler
    Echocardiography
    Transesophageal Echocardiography
    Ambulatory Electrocardiography; Holter Monitoring and Transtelephonic
    ECG/Event Recording
    Signal Averaged Electrocardiography
    Tilt-Table Testing
    Exercise and Pharmacologic Stress Testing, including Nuclear and
    Echocardiographic Imaging
    Radionuclide Studies
    Electron Beam Computed Tomography
    Specialized Invasive Techniques
    Cardiac Catheterization: Coronary Angiography and Left Ventriculography
    Electrophysiologic Studies (EPS)
    Summary: Non-invasive and Invasive Test Indications and Applications

    PART II. CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY

    CHAPTER 6. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY

    CHAPTER 7. CARDIAC DRUGS
    Beta blockers
    Calcium Channel Blockers
    Nitrates
    Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
    Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
    Inotropic Agents
    Digitalis Glycosides
    Sympathomimetic Amines
    Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
    Diuretics
    Thiazides
    Loop Diuretics
    Potassium Sparing Diuretics
    Antiplatelet Agents
    Aspirin
    Thienopyridines
    Glycoprotein II b/III a Receptor Inhibitors
    Thrombolytics and Anticoagulants
    Thrombolytic Agents
    Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparin
    Warfarin (Coumadin)
    Lipid Controlling Agents
    HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
    Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)
    Bile Acid Sequestrants (Resins)
    Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)
    Other Agents (e.g., Ezetimibe)
    Antiarrhythmic Agents
    -Class I Agents
    -Class II Agents
    -Class III Agents
    -Class IV Agents
    -Other Agents (e.g., Digitalis, Adenosine)

    CHAPTER 8. CARDIAC NONPHARMACOLOGIC AND INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
    Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
    Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stenting
    Transluminal Balloon Valvuloplasty
    Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
    Electrical Cardioversion and Defibrillation

    CHAPTER 9. CARDIAC DEVICE THERAPY
    Cardiac Pacemakers
    Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

    CHAPTER 10. CARDIAC SURGERY
    Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
    Valvular Repair and/or Replacement
    Cardiac Transplantation

    PART III. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

    CHAPTER 11. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
    Angina Pectoris
    Clinical Recognition of Stable Angina Pectoris
    Clinical Recognition of Unstable Angina
    Management of Stable Angina Pectoris
    Management of Unstable Angina
    Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)
    Clinical Recognition of Acute MI
    Management of Acute MI
    Complications of Acute MI
    Electrical Complications of Acute MI
    Ventricular Arrhythmias
    Supraventricular Arrhythmias
    Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances
    Mechanical Complications of Acute MI
    Left Ventricular (LV) Systolic Dysfunction
    Acute Ventricular Septal Defect and Papillary Muscle Rupture
    Right Ventricular Infarction
    Left Ventricular Aneurysm
    LV Free Wall Rupture and Pseudoaneurysm
    Pericarditis
    Secondary Prevention: Pharmacologic Therapy, Risk Factor Modification and
    Cardiac Rehabilitation

    CHAPTER 12. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HEART FAILURE
    Etiology and Pathophysiology
    Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
    Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
    Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
    Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Edema

    CHAPTER 13. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYERTENSION
    Primary and Secondary Forms of Hypertension
    Clinical Manifestations of Hypertension
    Therapy of Hypertension

    CHAPTER 14. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA
    Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
    Therapeutic Considerations

    CHAPTER 15. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
    Aortic Stenosis (AS)
    Clinical Recognition of AS
    Management of AS
    Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
    Chronic AR
    Clinical Recognition of Chronic AR
    Acute AR
    Clinical Recognition of Acute AR
    Management of Chronic and Acute AR
    Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
    Chronic MR
    Clinical Recognition of Chronic MR
    Management of Chronic MR
    Acute MR
    Clinical Recognition and Management of Acute MR
    Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
    Clinical Recognition of MVP
    Management of MVP
    Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis (MS)
    Clinical Recognition of Rheumatic MS
    Management of Rheumatic MS
    Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR)
    Clinical Recognition of TR
    Management of TR

    CHAPTER 16. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
    Clinical Recognition of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
    Treatment Options for HOCM
    Risk of Sudden Death

    CHAPTER 17. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
    Etiology and Risk Factors
    Clinical Presentation of Infective Endocarditis
    Therapy of Infective Endocarditis

    CHAPTER 18. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH AORTIC DISSECTION
    Classification and Pathogenesis
    Clinical Manifestations of Aortic Dissection
    Medical and Surgical Considerations in Aortic Dissection

    CHAPTER 19. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH PERICARDIAL DISEASE
    Acute Pericarditis
    Cardiac Tamponade
    Constrictive Pericarditis

    CHAPTER 20. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
    Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
    Clinical Recognition of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
    Management of Pulmonary Hypertension

    CHAPTER 21. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH A HEART MURMUR
    When to Order a Doppler-Echo

    CHAPTER 22. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DISTURBANCES
    General Considerations
    Atrial Fibrillation
    Supraventricular Tachycardias
    Ventricular Tachycardia
    Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities

    CHAPTER 23. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
    Bicuspid Aortic Valve
    Pulmonic Valve Stenosis
    Atrial Septal Defect
    Ventricular Septal Defect
    Coarctation of the Aorta
    Patent Ductus Arteriosus
    Marfan's Syndrome

    CHAPTER 24. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HEART DISEASE UNDERGOING NONCARDIAC SURGERY
    Preoperative Assessment of Risk
    Clinical Predictors of Risk
    Surgery Specific Markers of Risk
    Perioperative Evaluation and Management

    CHAPTER 25. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH NEOPLASTIC HEART DISEASE
    Primary Tumors of the Heart
    Atrial Myxoma
    Angiosarcoma
    Secondary Tumors of the Heart and the Effects of Treatment
    Carcinoid Syndrome

    CHAPTER 26. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH "FALSE" HEART DISEASE
    Pitfalls in the Clinical Recognition and Management of Heart Disease
    Misleading Clues in the Clinical Cardiovascular Evaluation
    Misinterpretation of Symptoms and Signs
    Misinterpretation of ECG, CXR, and Diagnostic Laboratory Data
    The Athlete's Heart
    Iatrogenic Heart Disease

    CHAPTER 27. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH AN ACUTE CARDIAC EMERGENCY
    General Considerations
    Universal Approach to Adult Emergency Cardiac Care
    Ventricular Fibrillation/Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
    Pulseless Electrical Activity
    Asystole
    Bradycardia
    Tachycardia
    Shock
    Selected Reading
    Index

  • Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple

    by Michael A Chizner, M.D.,

    $34.95
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    eBook $34.95 24 Month Access
    Paperback $44.95 + shipping

    NEW EDITION!!!

    The new edition includes thoroughly revised and updated information about the latest clinical trials and guidelines in Cardiology.

    For medical students, house officers, cardiac fellows, practicing physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician associates and other health care professionals.

    A clear, concise, highly practical and enjoyable overview of all of clinically relevant cardiology. History, physical, ECG (ECG interpretation taught in just 40 pages), radiology, noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests, and therapy (both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic). For medical students, house officers, cardiac fellows, practicing physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other health care professionals.

    Companion Digital Download of Heart Sounds & Images program (Win/Mac) with heart sounds, ECG interpretation, chest x-rays, echocardiography, cases, and quiz.  

    Rated #1 of the Best Cardiology Books of All Time, by Bookauthority: https://bookauthority.org/books/best-cardiology-books

    • Pages: 384
    • Publication: Edition 6 (February 10, 2023)
    • Language: English
    • Digital: Includes download of interactive Heart Sounds and Cardiac Images (WIN/MAC)
    • ISBN: 9781935660668; eISBN 9781935660675

    About the Authors

    Michael A Chizner, M.D.

    Michael A. Chizner, M.D., renowned cardiologist, Founder and former Chief Medical Director of The Heart Center of Excellence of Broward Health, was recently named in the Top 1% in the Nation in the first Top Doctors List compiled by U.S. News & World Report. Dr. Chizner graduated with highest honors from Cornell University Medical College. He received his medical residency training at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, and his cardiology training at Georgetown University, where he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award. He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Cardiology, and is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, American College of Cardiology, and American Heart Association. He is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University, and Barry University. Dr. Chizner has served as Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Florida Board of Medicine. He has also served on the Editorial Advisory Boards of national cardiology journals, and has been Director and Keynote Speaker at national and regional medical education conferences. He has written and edited numerous articles and books in cardiology. His widely read textbook, Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple is currently being used in medical schools throughout the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Chizner spearheaded the establishment of the Heart Center of Excellence at Broward General Medical Center, overseeing an exceptional roster of experienced cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons, whose clinical expertise, superior outcomes, and strongly positive patient satisfaction ratings earned Broward General Medical Center the distinction as the only high performing hospital in Broward County for cardiology and heart surgery, according to U.S. News & World Report.

    NEW EDITION!!!

    The new edition includes thoroughly revised and updated information about the latest clinical trials and guidelines in Cardiology.

    For medical students, house officers, cardiac fellows, practicing physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician associates and other health care professionals.

    A clear, concise, highly practical and enjoyable overview of all of clinically relevant cardiology. History, physical, ECG (ECG interpretation taught in just 40 pages), radiology, noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests, and therapy (both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic). For medical students, house officers, cardiac fellows, practicing physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other health care professionals.

    Companion Digital Download of Heart Sounds & Images program (Win/Mac) with heart sounds, ECG interpretation, chest x-rays, echocardiography, cases, and quiz.  

    Rated #1 of the Best Cardiology Books of All Time, by Bookauthority: https://bookauthority.org/books/best-cardiology-books

    • Pages: 384
    • Publication: Edition 6 (February 10, 2023)
    • Language: English
    • Digital: Includes download of interactive Heart Sounds and Cardiac Images (WIN/MAC)

    About the Authors

    Michael A Chizner, M.D.

    Michael A. Chizner, M.D., renowned cardiologist, Founder and former Chief Medical Director of The Heart Center of Excellence of Broward Health, was recently named in the Top 1% in the Nation in the first Top Doctors List compiled by U.S. News & World Report. Dr. Chizner graduated with highest honors from Cornell University Medical College. He received his medical residency training at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, and his cardiology training at Georgetown University, where he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award. He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Cardiology, and is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, American College of Cardiology, and American Heart Association. He is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University, and Barry University. Dr. Chizner has served as Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Florida Board of Medicine. He has also served on the Editorial Advisory Boards of national cardiology journals, and has been Director and Keynote Speaker at national and regional medical education conferences. He has written and edited numerous articles and books in cardiology. His widely read textbook, Clinical Cardiology Made Ridiculously Simple is currently being used in medical schools throughout the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Chizner spearheaded the establishment of the Heart Center of Excellence at Broward General Medical Center, overseeing an exceptional roster of experienced cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons, whose clinical expertise, superior outcomes, and strongly positive patient satisfaction ratings earned Broward General Medical Center the distinction as the only high performing hospital in Broward County for cardiology and heart surgery, according to U.S. News & World Report.

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