• Critical Care and Hospitalist Medicine Made Ridiculously Simple
  • Critical Care and Hospitalist Medicine Made Ridiculously Simple
  • Critical Care and Hospitalist Medicine Made Ridiculously Simple - MedMaster

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Critical Care and Hospitalist Medicine Made Ridiculously Simple

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COVID-19 EDITION!

*The major update to this book is the addition of a brand new chapter on the SARS-COV-2 Virus and COVID-19 disease. This chapter delves into the nature of the virus and clinical management of COVID-19 in the ICU such as:

- SARS-COV-2 Virus genetic makeup
- SARS-COV-2 Virus structural components
- Infectivity within the body
- Transmission between individuals
- Timeline of infectivity
- Symptoms
- Risk factors
- Different laboratory testing methods
- Radiology findings in the infected
- Different PPE and their usefulness
Names and method of actions of all vaccines approved 
- Therapeutics for COVID-19 such as: antiviral therapies,       plasma treatment, monoclonal antibody therapy,   anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory therapy

A fundamental and thorough guide to the treatment of hospitalized patients in critical care situations, Critical Care and Hospitalist Medicine Made Ridiculously Simple provides both introductory information as well as a complete base of knowledge that will be useful from medical student, to resident, to fellow, to practicing intensivist, hospitalist, internist, and specialists all charged with caring for patients in the ICU and Emergency Department, as well as the wards, as critical care situations arise throughout the hospital, wherever the hospitalist practices. The current and practical content is organized in a logical conceptual manner, using plain English for rapid assimilation of information, and focusing on critical care facts and approaches required to keep the critically ill patient alive and thriving.

Topics include: The Art of Patient Presentation, Approach to Acute Care Chest Radiology with the Top Ten X-ray Bad Guys, goals and findings of Point of Care Ultrasound, Sepsis and Resuscitation, Management of Tachyarrythmias, Running a Code, Hemodynamic Monitoring, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Acute Decompensated Heart Failure, High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure, Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease, Basic Airway Management, Acute Respiratory Failure, Mechanics of Respiratory Failure, Mechanical Ventilation, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Obstructive Lung Disease and Respiratory Failure, Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation, Bleeding Clotting and Hematological Emergencies, Transfusion Medicine, Acute Kidney Injury, GI Bleeding, Acid-Base Disorders, Drug Overdose, and Neurologic Emergencies.

Despite its in-depth treatment of Critical Care, the book is written in the reader-friendly and often humorous style of other Made Ridiculously Simple publications.

Author(s)

Michael Donahoe, M.D.
Michael Donahoe, M.D. is Professor of Medicine, division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC.

Mark T. Gladwin, M.D.
Mark T. Gladwin, M.D. is Jack D. Myers Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine and Director, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Details

Pages: 414

Publication: Edition 2 (October 26, 2021)

Language: English

ISBN: 9781935660460 eISBN: 9781935660552

Table of contents

Introduction

Contributors

The Illustrator

The Consultant for Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)

Chapter 1 The Art of the Patient Presentation

1.1 Welcome to Acute Hospital Medicine

1.2 How to Summarize Your Patient

1.3 Structure Those Random Thoughts

1.4 Think DataDiagnosisDirection

1.5 A Sample Presentation

Chapter 2 Acute Care Chest Radiology

2.1 Basics of Reading Portable Chest Radiographs

- Is the Radiograph Worth Reading?

- Ignore the Most Interesting Findings

- Get to the Heart of the Matter

- The Pleural Space and Costophrenic Angles

- Finally, the Lungs!

2.2 Our Top Ten X-Ray Bad Guys

- #10 Mediastinal and Hilar Masses

- #9 Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade

- #8 Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Emboli

- #7 Tube Mishaps

- #6 Pneumothorax and Barotrauma

- #5 Effusions, Empyema, and Hemothorax

- #4 Atelectasis and Lobar Collapse

- #3 Congestive Heart Failure

- #2 Pneumonia

- #1 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-- Suggested Reading

Chapter 3 Point of Care Ultrasound (Pocus)

3.1 The Three Goals of POCUS

- Procedural Guidance

- Diagnosis

- Shock Management

3.2 POCUS Lingo

3.3 Our Top Ten POCUS Findings in the ICU

- Vessel Location for Catheter Placement

- Pneumothorax

- Pleural Fluid

- Lung Patterns

- Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle Dysfunction

- Valvular Vegetation

- Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Size

- Distended Bladder

- Peritoneal Fluid

- Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

3.4 POCUS Focus

Chapter 4 Sepsis and Resuscitation

4.1 Sepsis Defined

4.2 Sepsis and Shock

4.3 Initial Sepsis Management

- Reverse Hypoxemia and Limited Ventilation

- Reverse Hypotension and Support Organ Perfusion

4.4 Fluid Administration in Sepsis

- Crystalloids vs. Colloids

4.5 Vasopressors and Inotropes

4.6 Assessment of Tissue Oxygenation

- Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation

- Blood Lactate

4.7 Hydrocortisone and Septic Shock

4.8 Antibiotics and Source Control

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 5 Management of Tachyarrythmias

5.1 Do I Have Time to Think?

5.2 What is the Diagnosis?

- Narrow Complex Tachycardia

- Wide Complex Tachycardia

5.3 How Do I Stop the Arrhythmia?

- Sinus Tachycardia

- Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter

- Multi-focal Atrial Tachycardia

- Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)

- Ventricular Tachycardia

5.4 What is the Rhythm Trying to Tell Me?

5.5 Do I Need to Anticoagulate?

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 6 Running a Code

6.1 Chest Compressions

6.2 Circulation: Take Charge and Shock

- Defibrillators

- Pulseless and a Shockable Rhythm

- Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

- Pulseless and Asystole (Flat Line)

6.3 Breathing and Airway

6.4 Post-Arrest Care

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 7 Hemodynamic Monitoring

7.1 Arterial Blood Pressure

- The Arterial Catheter

7.2 Pressure Transducers

7.3 Vascular Pressures and the Pulmonary Artery Catheter

- Atrial Pressures and Waveforms

- Ventricular Pressures and Waveforms

- Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Waveforms

7.4 Cardiac Chamber Pressures and Pericardial Disease

7.5 Cardiac Output

7.6 Vascular Resistance

7.7 Shock and Hemodynamic Assessment

- Hypovolemic Shock

- Cardiogenic Shock

- Distributive Shock

7.8 Limitations of the Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheter

7.9 Hemodynamic Assessment without the PA Catheter

- Techniques to Change Preload

- Techniques to Assess Stroke Volume

- Inferior Vena Cava Diameter

- Miscellaneous Methods for Preload Assessment

7.10 Hemodynamic Approach to Your ICU Patient

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 8 Acute coronary syndromes

8.1 Step 1: Cool down the Heart

8.2 Step 2: Classify the ACS Syndrome (STEMI, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI)

- The ECG

- Cardiac Biomarkers

- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

- Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA)

8.3 Step 3: Crush the Platelets

8.4 Step 4: Bash the Coagulation System for UA and NSTEMI

8.5 Step 5: Blast Open the Obstruction for STEMI and High-Risk NSTEMI

- Treatment at a PCI-Capable Hospital

- Pharmacologic Therapy for Non-PCI-Capable Hospital

- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

8.6 Wrapping it up

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 9 Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

9.1 Diagnosis of Decompensated Left Heart Failure

- Imaging

- Brain Natriuretic Peptide

- Echocardiography

9.2 Treatment of Acute Decompensated Left Heart Failure

- Reduce Left Ventricular Filling Pressure (Preload)

- Reduce Systemic Vascular Resistance (Afterload)

- Fix the Broken Heart (Dam)Increase Cardiac Output

- Find the Cause

- Arrythmia Management

- Hypertension Management

9.3 Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure

- Pulmonary Hypertension Classification

- Pulmonary Hypertension Diagnosis

- Why Pulmonary Hypertension Matters

9.4 Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Hospital

- Nitric Oxide

- Endothelin A and B Receptor Blockers

- Prostanoids

- Inotropes

- Heroics

9.5 Pulmonary Hypertension with Shock

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 10 High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure

10.1 Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Urgency

10.2 Patient Assessment

10.3 Drug Therapy

- Calcium Channel Blockers

- Nitric Oxide Vasodilators

- Beta-Blockers

- Miscellaneous Medications

10.4 Hypertensive Emergency Clinical Syndromes

- Cardiovascular Disease

- Cerebrovascular Disease

- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

- Renovascular Disease

- Excess Catecholamine States

- Miscellaneous Conditions

Chapter 11 Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

11.1 Pathophysiology

- Right Heart Failure in PE

- Gas Exchange in PE

11.2 Diagnosis and Risk Stratification

- Diagnostic Risk PE Clinical Decision Rules

- Mortality Risk

11.3 Treatment of Massive PE

- Oxygenate and Ventilate

- Optimize RV Cardiac Output

- Reduce RV Afterload with Anticoagulation

- To Lyse or Not to Lyse

11.4 Treatment of Submassive PE

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 12 Basic Airway Management

12.1 Establish a Patent Airway with Ventilation

12.2 Clinical Clues for a Difficult Intubation

12.3 Key Steps to a Successful Airway

12.4 Endotracheal Intubation

- The Tools

- Pre-oxygenation

- Intubation Pharmacology

- Post-intubation Hemodynamics

12.5 The Difficult Airway

12.6 Changing the Endotracheal Tube

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 13 Acute Respiratory Failure

13.1 Assessment of Arterial Blood Oxygenation

- Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)

- Pathophysiology of Hypoxemia

- Non-invasive Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

- Assessment of Tissue Oxygen Delivery (DO2)

13.2 Supplemental Oxygen and Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

- Low-Flow Oxygen Systems

- High-Flow Oxygen Systems

- High-Flow Nasal Cannula

- Fixing Hypoxemia

13.3 Assessment of Ventilation (PaCO2)

- Non-Invasive Assessment of Carbon Dioxide

13.4 Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

- Primary and Secondary Compensation

- Etiology of Ventilation Disorders in the ICU

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 14 Mechanics of Respiratory Failure

14.1 Simple Mechanics of Lung Inflation the EOM

14.2 Compliance/Elastance and Pleural Pressure

- Measurement of Compliance

14.3 Resistance and Time Constants

- Measurement of Airways Resistance

14.4 Lets Put it Together

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 15 Mechanical Ventilation

15.1 Ventilator Components

15.2 Setting the Breath Rate (Triggering)

- Pressure-Based Triggering

- Flow-Based Triggering

15.3 Setting the Breath Type

- Control Breaths

- Support Breaths

15.4 Modes of Mechanical VentilationThe Full Monty

- Control (Assist Control) Ventilation

- Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)

- Spontaneous Mode of Ventilation

- APRV and BiLevel Ventilation

15.5 Mode summary

15.6 Positive End-Expiratory PressurePEEP, CPAP, and EPAP

- Adverse Effects of End-Expiratory Pressure

15.7 How to Set Your Best PEEP on the Ventilator

15.8 Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic PEEP

15.9 Mean Airway Pressure and Oxygenation

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 16 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Ards)

16.1 ARDS Ridiculously Simple Overview

16.2 Berlin Definition

16.3 Causes of ARDS

16.4 Pathophysiology of ARDS

- ARDS as a Heterogeneous Lung Disease

16.5 Airway Management in ARDS

16.6 ARDS and the Ventilator First Do No Harm

- Oxygen Toxicity: Hyperoxic Lung Injury

- BarotraumaNo Pressure!

- Volutrauma Turn Down the Volume!

- Atelectrauma The Elusive Best Peep!

16.7 Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS

- Control Breaths

- PEEP Management

- Alveolar Recruitment Maneuvers

16.8 Fluid Management in ARDSWet or dry?

16.9 Approach to Intractable Hypoxemia in ARDS

- Pharmacologic Paralysis

- Prone Ventilation

- Inhaled Vasodilators

- High-frequency Oscillation

- APRV and Bilevel Ventilation

- Extracorporeal Support

- Hypoxemia Overview

16.10 The Little Things

16.11 Prognosis

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 17 Obstructive Lung Disease (Old) and Respiratory Failure

17.1 Pathophysiology of Airflow Obstruction

17.2 Intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) in OLD

- Intrinsic PEEP Assessment

- Complications of Intrinsic PEEP

- Limiting Intrinsic PEEP in OLD

17.3 Mechanical Ventilation in OLD

- Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in OLD

- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in OLD

- Ventilator Management in OLD

17.4 Drug Therapy in OLD

- Antibiotics

- Bronchodilators

- Corticosteroids

- Miscellaneous Interventions

17.5 Patient Outcome

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 18 Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

18.1 Control That SOB

18.2 Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT)

- Spontaneous Breathing Trial Intolerance

- Removing the Tube

18.3 Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Weaning

18.4 Alternatives to the SBT Trial

18.5 Beyond the SBT Trial Pain, Sedation, and Delirium

- Sedation Management: Less Is More

- Pain Management

- Delirium

- Early Mobility in the ICU

18.6 Coordination of Ventilator Care Know Your Alphabet?

18.7 When Is a Tracheostomy Indicated?

- Timing and Technique of Tracheostomy

- Type and Size of the Tracheotomy Tube

- Care of the Tracheotomy Tube

- Swallowing

- Decannulation

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 19 Bleeding, Clotting and Hematological Emergencies

19.1 Clotting Cascade: Help Me Memorize! ! !

- Extrinsic or Tissue Factor Pathway

- Intrinsic or Contact (collagen) Activation Pathway

- Anti-Clotting Pathways

19.2 Overview of Bleeding and Clotting disorders

- Things that Elevate the PT-INR

- Things that Elevate the PTT

- Things that Elevate both PT-INR and PTT

19.3 Top four Bad Boys of ICU Hematology

- Public Enemy #1: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

- Public Enemy #2: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

- Public Enemy #3: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (and HELLP! and HUS! )

- Public Enemy #4: Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (CAPS)

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 20 Transfusion Medicine

20.1 Quick-Thinking Rapid Transfusion

20.2 Red Blood Cell Transfusions

- When to Transfuse?

- Complications of Red Blood Cell Transfusion

20.3 Platelets

20.4 Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

20.5 Cryoprecipitate

20.6 Recombinant Factor VIIa (Novo-Seven)

20.7 Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 21 Acute Kidney Injury

21.1 Classification of Acute Kidney Injury

21.2 Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury

21.3 Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury

- Hypoperfusion

- Contrast-Induced AKI

- Aminoglycoside Nephropathy

21.4 Management of Acute Kidney Injury

- Diuretic Use in AKI

- Dialysis Therapy

- Dialysis Methods

- Dialysis Dose

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 22 Gastrointestinal Bleeding

22.1 ABCs (and D) of GI Bleeding

- Access

- Blood and Blood Products

- Call for Help

- Diagnose the Bleeding Source

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 23 Acid-Base Disorders

23.1 Simple Acid-Base

23.2 Primary Disturbance and Secondary Compensation

23.3 The Four Steps of Acid-Base Analysis

- STEP 1: Define the Primary Disorder

- STEP 2: Assess the Compensation

- STEP 3: Calculate the Anion Gap

- STEP 4: Calculate the Delta Gap

23.4 Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders

- Respiratory Acidosis

- Respiratory Alkalosis

23.5 Metabolic Acid-Base Disorders

- Metabolic Acidosis and the Anion Gap

- Metabolic Acidosis and the Osmolar Gap

- Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis and Management

- Non-Anion Gap Acidosis

23.6 Metabolic Alkalosis

- Contraction Alkalosis

- Post-Hypercapnic Metabolic Alkalosis

- Mineralocorticoid Excess

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 24 Drug Overdose

24.1 The Basics

- Resuscitate and Stabilize

- Confirm Diagnosis and Toxin

- Antidotes and Toxin Elimination

- The Overdose Booby Traps

24.2 Specific Overdoses

- Acetaminophen

- Alcohols

- Benzodiazepines

- Slow it Down: Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers

- Speed it Up: Cocaine and Cathinones

- Hypoglycemia Secondary to Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

- Antidepressants and the Abnormal ECG

- Salicylates and the Pseudosepsis Syndrome

- Serotonin Syndrome

- Opioids

- Suggested Reading

Chapter 25 Neurologic Emergencies

25.1 Acute Ischemic Stroke

25.2 Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

- Blood Pressure Control

- Reversal of Coagulopathy

- Elevated Intracranial Pressure

25.3 Status Epilepticus

25.4 Acute Myasthenic Crisis

Chapter 26 SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease

26.1 Epidemiology of the Pandemic

26.2 SARS-CoV-2 Virus

- SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity

26.3 COVID-19: Clinical Features

- COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes

- COVID-19 Timeline

- COVID-19 Risk factors

26.4 The Diagnosis of COVID-19

- Laboratory Testing in COVID-19

- Radiology Findings in COVID-19

- PCR and Antibody Testing

- Pre-Test Probability and PCR Testing

26.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

26.6 The Clinical Management of COVID-19

- Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in the Non-Intubated Patient

- Airway Management

- Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in the Intubated Patient

- Cardiovascular Management of the Patient with COVID-19

- Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)

- Coagulation Disorders

- Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19

- Renal Manifestations of COVID-19

26.7 Treatment of COVID-19

- Empiric Antibiotics for Secondary Infection

- Antiviral therapy

- Corticosteroid Therapy

- Convalescent plasma (CP)

- Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

- Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy

- Anti-inflammatory therapy

- Treatment for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

26.8 Vaccine for COVID-19

26.9 Goals of Care and Resource Limitations

- Suggested Reading

References

Index

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